{"id":2885,"date":"2025-04-11T16:49:29","date_gmt":"2025-04-11T08:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/?p=2885"},"modified":"2025-04-11T16:49:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T08:49:30","slug":"mysql-%e9%94%81%e8%a1%a8%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/2025\/04\/11\/mysql-%e9%94%81%e8%a1%a8%e6%8e%92%e6%9f%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"MySql \u9501\u8868\u6392\u67e5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5f53 MySQL \u66f4\u65b0\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u6267\u884c ALTER TABLE<\/code>\uff09\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8868\u88ab\u9501\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u963b\u585e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u9501\u8868\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528 SHOW PROCESSLIST<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e DDL \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sql<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u00a0State<\/code>\u00a0\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0Waiting for table metadata lock<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u8bb0\u5f55\u00a0Id<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0Time<\/code>\u00a0\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u00a0SELECT<\/code>\u3001UPDATE<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    2. \u68c0\u67e5\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u6709\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9501\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 DDL \u64cd\u4f5c\u963b\u585e\u3002\u67e5\u8be2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_TRX<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    sql<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_TRX;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08trx_started<\/code>\u00a0\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u65e9\u4e14\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u8bb0\u5f55\u00a0trx_mysql_thread_id<\/code>\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u00a0SHOW PROCESSLIST<\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0Id<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      3. \u68c0\u67e5\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9501\uff08Metadata Locks\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      MySQL 5.7+ \u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 performance_schema<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9501\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      sql<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      SELECT * FROM performance_schema.metadata_locks \nWHERE OBJECT_SCHEMA = 'your_database' AND OBJECT_NAME = 'your_table';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u5173\u6ce8\u00a0LOCK_TYPE<\/code>\u00a0\u4e3a\u00a0SHARED_READ<\/code>\/SHARED_WRITE<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0EXCLUSIVE<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • EXCLUSIVE<\/code>\u00a0\u9501\u8868\u793a DDL \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        4. \u67e5\u770b InnoDB \u5f15\u64ce\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9501\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        sql<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\\G<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7684 TRANSACTIONS<\/code> \u548c LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK<\/code> \u90e8\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9501\u51b2\u7a81\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        5. \u7ec8\u6b62\u963b\u585e\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u5982\u679c\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u963b\u585e\u4e86 DDL \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 KILL<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        sql<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u590d\u5236<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        KILL [session_id]; -- \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7ec8\u6b62\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        6. \u9884\u9632\u9501\u8868\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u7ebf DDL \u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u00a0pt-online-schema-change<\/code>\uff08Percona Toolkit\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u4e0d\u9501\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u65f6\u673a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4f4e\u5cf0\u671f\u6267\u884c DDL\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u63a7\u5236\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Prometheus + Grafana \u6216 Percona Monitoring \u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u3001\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9501\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5bfc\u81f4 DDL \u64cd\u4f5c\u963b\u585e\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u9501\u8868\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u963b\u585e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u7ebf DDL \u5de5\u5177\u964d\u4f4e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u5f53 MySQL \u66f4\u65b0\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u6267\u884c ALTER TABLE\uff09\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8868\u88ab\u9501\u6216\u5b58\u5728 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mysql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2885"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2886,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885\/revisions\/2886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usei.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}